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Friedrich Olbricht
German general (–)
Friedrich Olbricht (4 October – 21 July ) was a German general during World War II. He is known for being one of the plotters involved in the 20 July Plot, an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler in
Olbricht was a senior staff officer, with the rank of infantry general.
He was secretly in contact with most of the leaders of the resistance. They briefed him on their various plots and he placed sympathetic officers in key positions. Olbricht quietly encouraged field commanders to support the resistance. By late , his office was the centre of Resistance plotting, under Claus von Stauffenberg.[1] Had the 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler been successful, Olbricht would have assumed the position of minister of war in a post-Nazi regime.
Early life
Olbricht was born on 4 October in Leisnig, Saxony, to Richard Olbricht, a mathematics professor and director of the Realschule (secondary school) in Bautzen.[2]
Career
Olbricht successfully passed the Abitur (university preparatory school exit examination) in , subsequently accepting a commission as a Fähnrich (ensign) with Infantry Regiment in Leipzig.
He fought in World War I, was promoted to captain and chose to stay in the Treaty of Versailles-decimated military (the Reichswehr) after the war.[2]
Olbricht was assigned to the Reich Defense Ministry as leader of the Reichswehr's Foreign Armies Bureau in After the Night of the Long Knives raid, he was able to save several of those arrested from execution by finding or creating positions for them in the Abwehr.[2]
Olbricht was appointed chief of staff of the 4th Army Corps stationed in Dresden in , an assignment that lasted until when he was promoted to commander of the 24th Infantry Division.[2]
Olbricht has the distinction of being one of the few officers who supported General Werner von Fritsch, the commander in chief of the German armed forces who was accused of homosexuality in January [2] After von Fritsch’s resignation, it was discovered that the charges had been invented, based on the contrived testimony of a man whom some say was recruited by Himmler.[3] The tale had been concocted as part of Hitler's plan to gain control of the armed forces—which he did.[2]
During the German invasion of Poland in , Olbricht commanded the 24th Infantry Division and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
On 15 February , Olbricht was promoted to General of the Infantry. He was appointed Chief of the General Army Office (Allgemeines Heeresamt) in the Army High Command (Oberkommando des Heeres). He was furthermore made Chief of the Armed Forces Reserve Office (Wehrersatzamt) at the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.
Operation Valkyrie
Starting in the winter of –42, Olbricht developed the plan for Operation Valkyrie, a General Staff plan which was ostensibly to be used to put down internal unrest, but was in fact a blueprint for a coup d'état.
Together with the resistance circles around Colonel-General Ludwig Beck, Carl Friedrich Goerdeler and Major-General Henning von Tresckow, he worked to find a means of assassinating Adolf Hitler and bring down the Nazi regime. In , he asked that Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg come to work at his office. Stauffenberg would later be the key person in the assassination attempt, with the task of planting the bomb near Hitler.
On the day of the attempted coup, 20 July , Olbricht and Colonel Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim initiated Operation Valkyrie by mobilizing the Replacement Army.
Wernher van braun biography By late , it was obvious to von Braun that Germany would be defeated and occupied, and he began planning for the postwar era. Retrieved 16 November Huntsville and NASA [ change change source ]. American career [ change change source ].It eventually became clear the briefcase bomb had failed to kill Hitler however, so the plan to seize key sites in Berlin using units from the reserve army, began to falter. Many consider one of the factors which prevented the coup, was the failure of troops to gain control of communications into and out of Berlin. Hitler and his commanders in the Wolfsschanze were able to broadcast a speech after the coup, which led to the quick demise of the coup as a whole.
As a result, the Nazi leadership was able to regain control, using its own loyal troops, within a few hours.
Wernher von braun children: Retrieved He then enrolled at the University of Berlin to study physics. Preguntas frecuentes: La verdadera historia del cuidado de la salud de los astronautas en el espacio. The National Archives in the Regions.
Arrest and execution
At , Olbricht was arrested at his headquarters in the Bendlerblock by soldiers from the Berlin garrison. Later that evening, Colonel-General Friedrich Fromm held a hastily arranged court martial, supposedly in an attempt to protect himself from being exposed as a silent conspirator.
Olbricht, Quirnheim, Stauffenberg, and his aide Werner von Haeften were then taken outside to the courtyard and executed by firing squad, against Hitler's orders to take the would-be assassins alive (those who were captured alive received more painful and prolonged means of execution). Olbricht was the first of the four to be shot.
Awards
In popular culture
He appears in all dramatisations of the July plot, being played by Rolf Hoppe in the third Liberation Film Direction of the Main Blow (), Wolfgang Büttner in The Plot to Assassinate Hitler (), Erik Frey in Jackboot Mutiny () Michael Byrne in The Plot to Kill Hitler (), Rainer Bock in Stauffenberg () and Bill Nighy in Valkyrie ().[6]
See also
References
Citations
- ^Dieter K.
Buse and Juergen C. Doerr, eds. Modern Germany: An Encyclopedia of History, People, and Culture, (2 vol. Garland, ) –
- ^ abcdefGregory, Don (October 30, ). After Valkyrie: Military and Civilian Consequences of the Attempt to Assassinate Hitler.
- ^Hoffmann, Peter (Oct 8, ).
The History of the German Resistance, . Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press.
- ^Scherzer , p.
- ^Matikkala , p.
- ^IMDB entry
Bibliography
- Hoffman, Peter. History of the German Resistance (MIT, ).
- Matikkala, Antti (). Kunnian ruletti: Korkeimmat ulkomaalaisille – annetut suomalaiset kunniamerkit [The Roulette of Honour: The Highest Finnish Orders to Foreigners –] (in Finnish).
Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. ISBN&#;.
- Schrader, Helena. Codename Valkyrie General Friedrich Olbricht and the plot against Hitler; Haynes Publishing (ISBN&#;).
In German
- Georgi, Friedrich ().Wernher von braun biography quotes & facts britannica There, he started to develop a new rocket called A4 Aggregat 4. A liquid propellant missile 46 feet in length and weighing 29, pounds, the V-2 flew at speeds in excess of 3, miles per hour and delivered a 2,pound warhead to a target miles away. He became an American citizen in The A-4 became known as the "V-2," meaning "Vengeance Weapon 2.
Soldat im Widerstand. General der Infanterie Friedrich Olbricht; 2. Aufl., Berlin u. Hamburg.
A liquid propellant missile 46 feet in length and weighing 29, pounds, the V-2 flew at speeds in excess of 3, miles per hour and delivered a 2,pound warhead to a target miles away. S satellite, Explorer I, in Signing a one-year contract with the U. Based on his army-funded research on liquid-propellant rocketry, von Braun received a doctorate in physics on July 27, , from the main university in Berlin.ISBN&#;
- Helena P. Page, General Friedrich Olbricht. Ein Mann des Juli; 2. Aufl., Bonn u. Berlin (ISBN&#;) (Note the author of this book is better known under her married name Helena Schrader.)
- Scherzer, Veit (). Die Ritterkreuzträger – Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers – The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German).
Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN&#;.