Polemarchus' definition of justice

Polemarch

Senior military title in various ancient Greek city states

For the Athenian philosopher, see Polemarchus. For the racehorse, see Polemarch (horse).

A polemarch (, from Ancient Greek: πολέμαρχος, polemarchos) was a senior military title in various ancient Greek city states (poleis).

The title is derived from the words polemos (war) and archon (ruler, leader) and translates as "warleader" or "warlord". The name indicates that the polemarch's original function was to command the army; presumably the office was created to take over this function from the king.

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    • The title held a high position in Athenian society, alongside the archon eponymos and the archon basileus. In Athens the polemarch was the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the city-state. In Modern Greek, polemarchos means warlord.

    Ancient Greece

    Athens

    In Athens, the polemarchos was one of nine annually appointed archontes (ἄρχοντες) and functioned as the commander of the military, though to what extent is debated among historians.[1]

    At the Battle of Marathon Herodotus described the vote of the polemarchos, Callimachus, as the deciding factor during debate over engagement in battle; it is disputed whether this vote implies that the position of polemarchos was an equal to a strategos or that of a commander-in-chief.[2][3][4] The polemarchos' military responsibilities continued until BC, when a new procedure was adopted and magistrates were then appointed by lot.[5][6] Following this reform, the military duties were handled by the strategos. By the mid-5th Century BC, the polemarchos' role was reduced to ceremonial and judicial functions, and primarily presided over preliminary trials involving metics' family, inheritance, and status cases.[1] After the preliminary stage the cases would either continue under the judgement of the polemarchos, or be remitted to tribal or municipal judges.[7][8] The polemarchos also conducted certain religious sacrificial offerings and arranged the funeral ceremonies for men killed in war.[7][9]

    Sparta

    In the new structure of the Spartan Army, introduced sometime during the Peloponnesian War, a polemarchos was the commander of a mora of men, one of six in the Spartan army on campaign.[10][11] On occasion however they were appointed to head armies.

    The six Spartan polemarchoi seem to have been on equal power to kings at expeditions outside Laconia and were usually descendants of the royal houses.[citation needed] They were part of the royal army council and the royal escort (δαμοσία) and were supported or represented by officers (συμφορεῖς).

    The polemarchoi were also responsible for public meals, since, by the laws of Lycurgus, the Lacedaemonians would eat and fight in the same group.[12] Next to their military and connected responsibilities, the polemarchoi were responsible for some civil and juridical tasks (not unlike the archōn polemarchos in Athens).

    Boeotia

    In the early 4th century BC several Boeotianpoleis instituted the position of polemarchos, though there was no unified policy. Of the surviving accounts, Plutarch and Xenophon describe three polemarchoi as executive officials of Thebes during this period.[13]

    Other uses

    In modern use, the Greek Letter fraternity Kappa Alpha Psi titles their fraternity leaders as Polemarchs.[14]

    Fictional use

    This position was featured in Orson Scott Card's novel Ender's Game.

    Polemarchus biography Cephalus has a common view about justice and happiness. Given the traditional ordering of the dilaogues, this shows that Plato has been thinking for some time about what justice is and whether it is always beneficial as Socrates has claimed. The title is derived from the words polemos war and archon ruler, leader and translates as "warleader" or "warlord". Because Cephalus has suggested that wealth protects a man from having to lie and cheat, Socrates focuses the conversation on whether "truth-telling and paying back" are what justice is.

    In the novel, the position of polemarch was charged with the supreme command of humanity's space fleets, the International Fleet. The Polemarch, along with the positions of Strategos and Hegemon, was one of the three most powerful people alive.

    This title was also given to the DC Comics character Artemis of Bana-Mighdall, an Amazon in the Wonder Woman comic books.

    For a period Artemis served as Paradise Island's co-ruler alongside fellow Amazon Philippus. Whereas Philippus oversaw the day-to-day rule of the island, Artemis oversaw its military aspects.[15]

    The title was used to signify soldiers who commanded fortifications and other camps in the Ubisoft video game Assassin's Creed Odyssey.

    They were the strongest regular enemies in the game and killing them would lower the "nation power" of a particular state in Greece substantially. Additionally, in 2 of the game's quests, you have to kill 3 polemarchs that are present in either Athenian or Spartan forts across Greece, collect their seals, and bring them to either General Lysander of Sparta or Demosthenes in Athens.

    See also

    • Navarch&#;– Greek word meaning "leader of the ships"

    References

    1. ^ abSpence, Iain (). Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare. Scarecrow Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
    2. ^Godley, A.D.

      "Herodotus, The Histories". . Retrieved

    3. ^, Antichthon, ,
    4. ^N. G. L. Hammond, Studies in Greek History, (),
    5. ^Gilbert, Gustav ().

    6. Polemarchus pronunciation
    7. Phocion
    8. Thrasymachus blush
    9. Cephalus

      10. The Constitutional Antiquities of Sparta and Athens. S. Sonnenschein & Company. p.&#;

    10. ^Hamel, Debra (). Athenian Generals: Military Authority in the Classical Period. BRILL.

      Polemarchus biography summary Now as often as they were banded together they did wrong to one another through the lack of political art, and thus they began to be scattered again and to perish. By the mid-5th Century BC, the polemarchos' role was reduced to ceremonial and judicial functions, and primarily presided over preliminary trials involving metics ' family, inheritance, and status cases. Republic I. For, unless you take away from either the true repute and attach to each the false, we shall say that it is not justice that you are praising but the semblance, nor injustice that you censure, but the seeming, and that you really are exhorting us to be unjust but conceal it, and that you are at one with Thrasymachus in the opinion that

      pp.&#;79, ISBN&#;.

    11. ^ abAristotle (). Aristotle on the Constitution of Athens. Macmillan. p.&#;
    12. ^Harrison, Alick Robin Walsham (). The Law of Athens. Hackett Publishing.

      Polemarchus biography for kids The name indicates that the polemarch's original function was to command the army; presumably the office was created to take over this function from the king. Plato 's Republic is set at Polemarchus' house in the Piraeus, which was located next to their shield manufacturing store that employed skilled slaves. The second best outcome for the individual is the one in which he acts justly and so do the others. He tells Socrates that he must show that justice is better and injustice worse not because of such things as reputation but because of their presence in the soul.

      pp.&#;9– ISBN&#;.

    13. ^D. M. MacDowell, The Law in Classical Athens, (),
    14. ^Anderson, John Kinloch (). Military Theory and Practice in the Age of Xenophon. University of California Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
    15. ^Kennell, Nigel M. (). Spartans: A New History. John Wiley & Sons.

      p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    16. ^Moore, John Michael (). Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy. University of California Press.

      Polemarchus biography printable: Republic II. They brutally suppressed the opposition. In the understanding Glaucon outlines, justice is an agreement that arises among people. Though his factory and his house had been confiscated, he still had resources and connections with arms dealers.

      pp.&#; ISBN&#;.

    17. ^Buckler, John; Beck, Hans (). Central Greece and the Politics of Power in the Fourth Century BC. Cambridge University Press. pp.&#;88– ISBN&#;.
    18. ^"A Brief History - Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc".

      Polemarchus biography book To know who is correct, the first step is to get straight on what justice is. The opening scene. Facebook Twitter Youtube. Unlike his brother, he did not manage to escape and was executed by being forced to drink hemlock.

      lphapsicom. Retrieved

    19. ^Wonder Woman (vol. 2) #