Al-biruni inventions

Al-Biruni

Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī'[n 1] (born 5 September in Kath, Khwarezm, died in the year 13 December in Ghazni),[1] known as Alberonius in Latin and Al-Biruni in English,[2] was a Persian[3]-Chorasmian[4][5]Muslim scholar and polymath of the 11th century.

Alberuni biography death Bulgakov, M. The Astrolabe. Sachau India , text, p. Byzantine science Chinese astronomy Medieval European science Indian astronomy.

Al-Biruni was one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences. He did a lot of work as a historian, chronologist and linguist.[5]

Notes

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  1. ↑Arabic spelling. Persian: Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ebn Aḥmad Bērūnī (ابوریحان محمد بن احمد بیرونی).

    The intermediate form Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī is often used in academic literature.

References

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  1. ↑Encyclopædia Britannica, al-Biruni (Persian scholar and scientist) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia, , retrieved
  2. ↑Al-Biruni Commemoration Volume, (Calcutta, )
  3. ↑
    • Bosworth, C.

      E. (), “The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. –)”, J.A. Boyle (ed.), Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods, Cambridge University Press: [45].

      Alberuni biography Numerical tables are given for laying out the families of circles engraved on the plates fitting into the instrument. By this time al-Biruni was an old man but he continued his enormous output of scientific works right up to the time of his death. There is a Russian translation by C. Al-Biruni was born near Kath and the town were he was born is today called Biruni after the great scholar.

      Excerpt from page 7:"The Iranian scholar al-BIruni says that the Khwarazmian era began when the region was first settled and cultivated, this date being placed in the early 13th-century BC) "

    • Richard Frye: "The contribution of Iranians to Islamic mathematics is overwhelming. name of Abu Raihan Al-Biruni, from Khwarazm, must be mentioned since he was one of the greatest scientists in World History"(R.N.

      Frye, "The Golden age of Persia", , Phoenix Press. pg )

    • M. A. Saleem Khan, "Al-Biruni's discovery of India: an interpretative study", iAcademicBooks, pg "It is generally accepted that he was Persian by origin, and spoke the Khwarizmian dialect" [1]
    • Rahman, H. U. (). A Chronology of Islamic History&#;: - CE.

      London: Mansell Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

      Alberuni biography pdf Refutation of Eternal Universe. The end of the 10 th century and beginning of the 11 th century was a period of great unrest in the Islamic world and there were civil wars in the region in which al-Biruni was living. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations. Most of the entries also give the length of the particular manuscript in folios.

  4. ↑

    "A Persian by birth, a rationalist in disposition, this contemporary of Avicenna and Alhazen not only studied history, philosophy, and geography in depth, but wrote one of the most comprehensive Muslim astronomical treatises, the Qanun Al-Masu'di."

    ;
    • L. Massignon, "Al-Biruni et la valuer internationale de la science arabe" in Al-Biruni Commemoration Volume, (Calcutta, ).

      pp

    “ In a celebrated preface to the book of Drugs, Biruni says: And if it is true that in all nations one likes to adorn oneself by using the language to which one has remained loyal, having become accustomed to using it with friends and companions according to need, I must judge for myself that in my native Khwarezmian, science has as much as chance of becoming perpetuated as a camel has of facing Kaaba.”
    ;
    • Gotthard Strohmaier, "Biruni" in Josef W.

      Meri, Jere L. Bacharach, Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index: Vol. 1 of Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, Taylor & Francis, excerpt from page "Although his native Khwarezmian was also an Iranian language, he rejected the emerging neo-Persian literature of his time (Firdawsi), preferring Arabic instead as the only adequate medium of science.";

    • D.

      N. MacKenzie, Encyclopædia Iranica, "CHORASMIA iii. The Chorasmian Language". Excerpt: "Chorasmian, the original Iranian language of Chorasmia, is attested at two stages of its earliest examples have been left by the great Chorasmian scholar Abū Rayḥān Bīrūnī.";

    • Helaine Selin, "Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures ", Springer, "Al-Biruni", pg "his native language was the Khwarizmian dialect"
  5. ↑ D.J.

    Boilot, "Al-Biruni (Beruni), Abu'l Rayhan Muhammad b. Ahmad", in Encyclopaedia of Islam (Leiden), New Ed., vol Excerpt 1: "He was born of an Iranian family in / (according to al-Ghadanfar, on 3 Dhu'l-Hididja/ 4 September — see E. Sachau, Chronology, xivxvi), in the suburb (birun) of Kath, capital of Khwarizm".

    Alberuni biography wikipedia V of the Selected Works. His command of Sanskrit, on the other hand, reached the point where, with the aid of pandits he was able to translate several Indian scientific works into Arabic, and vise versa. Learn how and when to remove these messages. Medical Archives in Croatian.

    Excerpt 2:"was one of the greatest scholars of mediaeval Islam, and certainly the most original and profound. He was equally well versed in the mathematical, astronomic, physical and natural sciences and also distinguished himself as a geographer and historian, chronologist and linguist and as an impartial observer of customs and creeds. He is known as al-Ustdadh, "the Master".