Ahmad shah massoud and gulbuddin hekmatyar biography

Field commander Date of Birth: Country: Afghanistan

Content:

1. Biography of Ahmad Shah Massoud
2. Early Life and Education
3. Involvement in Islamic Movements
4. Resistance against Soviet Invasion
5. Post-Soviet Era and Assassination
6. Legacy

Biography of Ahmad Shah Massoud

Ahmad Shah Massoud was a field commander and military leader from Afghanistan who played a crucial role in the withdrawal of Soviet forces from the country.

He was famously known as the 'Lion of Panjshir'.

Early Life and Education

Ahmad was born into the family of police officer Dost Mohammad in Bazarak, Panjshir, Afghanistan. He started school at the age of 5 and had to frequently change schools as his family moved due to his father's career advancement.

Ahmad shah massoud and gulbuddin hekmatyar biography in wikipedia Sometime after the Taliban's fall in he went to Pakistan, leading his paramilitary forces into an unsuccessful armed campaign against Hamid Karzai 's government and the international coalition in Afghanistan. Afghanistan portal Category Multimedia. They shelled residential areas in the capital city in February Osama bin Laden commissioned the assassination attempt to appease the Taliban because of the imminent terrorist attacks in the US, which would cause serious problems for the Taliban.

Massoud was incredibly talented from a young age, mastering languages such as Persian, French, Hindi, Urdu, Pashto, English, and Arabic.

Involvement in Islamic Movements

In , while studying in Kabul, Massoud became involved in the activities of the "Organization of Young Muslims," a student division of the "Islamic Society." The movement aimed to counter the growing influence of communists, particularly after Daoud Khan came to power in Massoud was in charge of the Panjshir branch of the organization.

In , a member of the organization named Gulbuddin Hekmatyar attempted to overthrow the Daoud government.

Massoud, disappointed with Hekmatyar's failure, aligned himself with Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani, the leader of the organization. The movement later split into factions led by Rabbani and fundamentalists led by Hekmatyar.

Resistance against Soviet Invasion

When Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan, Massoud began planning to expel them and overthrow the communist regime.

His first task was to create a guerrilla movement and defend the fortress of Panjshir. He then planned to launch attacks on enemy forces in the northern part of Afghanistan and ultimately liberate the entire country.

Massoud's activities attracted the attention and support of the United States. During President Reagan's era, this support developed into the official policy known as the "Reagan Doctrine." Massoud and his guerrilla fighters caused significant difficulties for Soviet troops, intercepting their convoys and causing fuel shortages.

In response, the Soviets sent a large force of 12, soldiers to Panjshir.

Ahmad shah massoud and gulbuddin hekmatyar biography Massoud further went on to warn that his intelligence agents had gained limited knowledge about a large-scale terrorist attack on U. Very soon, Hekmatyar found himself caught between the advancing Taliban and the government forces, and the morale of his men collapsed. Gulbuddin's brother. A recorded radio communication between the two leaders showed the divide as Massoud asked Hekmatyar: [ 69 ].

Massoud had to retreat to neighboring valleys and his strongholds. The Soviet troops followed them and fell into an ambush. In , the Soviets proposed a truce to Massoud, which he agreed to.

Post-Soviet Era and Assassination

After the withdrawal of Soviet forces and the fall of the pro-Soviet government of Mohammad Najibullah, Massoud became the Minister of Defense of Afghanistan under President Burhanuddin Rabbani.

After the fall of Rabbani's government and the rise of the Taliban, Massoud resumed his role as a field commander. He was best known at that time as the leader of the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan, also known as the Northern Alliance.

On September 9, , two days before the attack on the World Trade Center, Massoud was assassinated in the Takhar province of Afghanistan.

Ahmad shah massoud and gulbuddin hekmatyar biography in pdf Heroin trafficking [ edit ]. Activities in the Islamic Republic [ edit ]. Massoud created democratic institutions which were structured into several committees: political, health, education and economic. Doing so almost certainly got Masood killed as he was a direct threat to bin Laden, the Taliban, and their Pakistani and Saudi backers.

The killers, believed to be agents of Al-Qaeda, posed as journalists and hid explosives in their video cameras. Osama bin Laden later sent a videotape with a pre-death message and compensation for his death to one of the suicide bomber's wives.

Despite initial denials by representatives of the Northern Alliance, rumors of Massoud's death quickly spread worldwide.

Two days later, however, the world received more significant news – the destruction of the World Trade Center towers on September 11, It is believed that Massoud had warned about this threat in his speech to the European Parliament several months earlier.

Legacy

After Massoud's death, many analysts predicted the imminent disintegration of the Northern Alliance.

However, after the events of September 11, the United States began massive support for anti-Taliban movements in Afghanistan. On September 16, representatives of the movement officially acknowledged Massoud's death from injuries.

Ahmad shah massoud and gulbuddin hekmatyar biography in video Danish Karokhel. The first was to make sure that Rabbani and Massoud were not allowed to consolidate power, build a credible administration, or expand their territorial control, so that the country would remain divided into small fiefdoms, run by various Muajhideen leaders and local warlords or a council of such elements, with only some of them allied to Kabul. Once, while inspecting the front lines with a deputy, Massoud's driver had become lost and driven into the middle of a Taliban encampment. Resistance against the Soviet Union —

A year later, Afghan President Hamid Karzai named Massoud a national hero, and the day of his death became a national holiday known as "Massoud Day."

Ahmad Shah Massoud was posthumously nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in His wife, Sedika Massoud, and their children currently reside in Iran. Ahmad's son, also named Ahmad, followed in his father's footsteps and even became the Vice President of Afghanistan under Hamid Karzai.

In late , there was an assassination attempt on his life, but the attackers failed to succeed.

Massoud's body rests in a mausoleum in the Panjshir Valley. A new mausoleum is currently being built to honor his memory.